改进型活性炭吸附法去除污水生化处理过程中的恶臭

采用二级生化处理工艺的生活污水处理系统,在运转一段时间后会产生氨气、硫化氢等有刺激性的气体,对环境造成污染。在臭气的各种处理方法中,改进型活性炭吸附法对污水生化处理过程中产生的氨气和硫化氢气体的去除有特别显著、持久的效果,有望推广应用到更多的实际处理过程。阐述了改进型活性炭吸附法的工艺、材料特点和除湿装置作用。     

改性烟气脱硫球形活性炭的研究

以糠醛渣和炭粉的混合物为原料,分别掺入一定比例的CuO V2O5,MnO2,制备具有低温催化活性的炭载脱硫催化剂,并对其脱硫效果、孔径、脱硫反应前后Cu,V,Mn离子的存在形式进行了研究。结果表明,CuO V2O5,MnO2的加入使球形炭的比表面积降低,平均孔径增大,但脱硫效果却进一步提高,说明这两种金属活性组分在脱硫过程中确实起到了催化的作用。     

中国农业植被净初级生产力模拟(I)——模型的建立与灵敏度分析

以业已建成的稻麦作物净初级生产力模型为基本框架,建立了一个具有普适性的中国农业植被净初级生产力模型(CropC-)。CropC-的模拟对象为占我国农作物总播种面积2/3的水稻、小麦、玉米、棉花、油菜和大豆。该模型包括2个主要功能模块:光合作用和呼吸作用;土壤-作物系统氮素运移。前者综合考虑了环境因子和氮素的影响,后者包括了作物氮素吸收、土壤氮矿化和化肥氮释放。灵敏度分析表明,在输入参数变化±10%时,CropC-对6个主要输入参数响应的敏感性依次为温度>光合有效辐射>大气CO2浓度>土壤全氮含量>施氮量>降水。模型分析表明,气候变暖将降低作物净初级生产力。     

牙鲆、孔石莼分泌物对混合重金属在牙鲆组织蓄积的影响

研究了海水中总有机碳(TOC)浓度、总有机碳种类对混合重金属(Cu Pb、Cu Cd、Cu Pb Cd)在牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)内脏、肌肉、鳃组织蓄积的影响.结果表明,孔石莼分泌物、牙鲆分泌物均能降低Cu、Pb、Cd的生物有效性;当海水TOC种类相同时,随TOC浓度的升高,牙鲆的内脏、肌肉、鳃组织中Cu、Pb、Cd蓄积量均明显下降;当海水TOC浓度相近时,孔石莼分泌物比牙鲆分泌物更能降低牙鲆各组织Cu、Pb、Cd蓄积量.TOC浓度、种类的变化对牙鲆各组织中Cu、Pb、Cd蓄积分配均无影响,各组织重金属蓄积量顺序均为:内脏＞鳃＞肌肉.     

Methodological and Practical Considerations for Developing Multiproject Baselines for Electric Power and Cement Industry Projects in Central America

The Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) and the Center for Sustainable Development in the Americas (CSDA) conducted technical studies and organized two training workshops to develop capacity in Central America for the evaluation of climate change projects. This paper describes the results of two baseline case studies conducted for these workshops, one for the power sector and one for the cement industry, that were devised to illustrate certain approaches to baseline setting. Multiproject baseline emission rates (BERs) for the main Guatemalan electricity grid were calculated from 2001 data. In recent years, the Guatemalan power sector has experienced rapid growth; thus, a sufficient number of new plants have been built to estimate viable BERs. We found that BERs for baseload plants offsetting additional baseload capacity ranged from 0.702 kgCO2/kWh (using a weighted average stringency) to 0.507 kgCO2/kWh (using a 10th percentile stringency), while the baseline for plants offsetting load-following capacity is lower at 0.567 kgCO2/kWh. For power displaced from existing load-following plants, the rate is higher, 0.735 kgCO2/kWh, as a result of the age of some plants used for meeting peak loads and the infrequency of their use. The approved consolidated methodology for the Clean Development Mechanism yields a single rate of 0.753 kgCO2/kWh. Due to the relatively small number of cement plants in the region and the regional nature of the cement market, all of Central America was chosen as the geographic boundary for setting cement industry BERs. Unfortunately, actual operations and output data were unobtainable for most of the plants in the region, and many data were estimated. Cement industry BERs ranged from 205 kgCO2 to 225 kgCO2 per metric ton of cement.     

教室内二氧化碳污染和新风量测定

新风量不足,呼吸产生的二氧化碳可造成教室内CO_2浓度严重超标,影响学生学习,降低课堂教学效果。以人呼出的CO_2作为示踪气体,测定研究教室有人和无人情况下教室内CO_2浓度变化,对教室新风量进行计算,其结果:室内CO_2排放条件不同,相应方程计算所得新风量基本一致,用忽略室外CO_2本底浓度的新风量计算公式,结果有约17%的误差。开启门窗产生对流,可保障教室内空气的新鲜。     

Wood materials used as a means to reduce greenhouse gases (GHGs): An examination of wooden utility poles

There has been growing concern over the build-up of greenhouse gase(GHGs) in the atmosphere, particularly carbon dioxide (CO₂), as acause of global warming. The IPCC Third Assessment Report (2001) suggests two ways in which the choice of materials could berelevant. First, some materials, particularly wood, have the advantage thatthey continue to hold carbon (C)in their cells even after being convertedto products. The implications of this feature are well researched. Second,an area that is not well researched relates to the different energyrequirements for producing similar products made with different materials. Using the findings of recent research, this paper compares the energyrequirements and C emissions of manufacturing a product using wood withthat of other materials. The case study of utility poles demonstrates thepositive C and global warming consequences of the lower energyrequirements of wood in the U.S., compared to other materials such assteel or concrete. It demonstrates that GHG emissions associated withutility poles are a small but significant percent of total US annual emissions. Wood utility poles are associated with GHG emission reductions of 163Terragrams (Tg) of CO₂ when compared with steel poles. This isabout 2.8 percent of US annual GHG emissions, which are estimated atabout 5.28 Petragrams (Pg) of CO₂ annually. Thus, the use ofwooden utility poles rather than steel results in a small but significantreduction in total US emissions.     

Mechanisms of granular activated carbon anaerobic fluidized-bed process for treating phenols wastewater

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磷肥厂副产氟硅酸利用的新方法

以磷肥厂副产氟硅酸为原料 ,加上碳酸钠 ,在适宜的工艺条件下反应 ,制取符合GB42 93— 84一级品的氟化钠和符合GB10 5 71— 89的白炭黑。该工艺具有原料易得、能耗低、成本低、投资省、无污染、经济效益好等优点     

苯的衍生物在活性炭/水界面上的吸附标准自由能及与其分子结构的关系

测定了25℃时活性炭自水中吸附苯、苯酚、苯胺、对－氯苯酚、苯甲酸、对－羟基苯甲酸、对－氯苯胺、硝基苯、对－氨基苯甲酸、对－硝式苯酚、对－硝基苯胺、对硝基苯甲酸的等温线，它们的等温线均为Langmuir型的，利用Langmuir参数计算了吸吸标准自由能变化△G^0，计算结果表明，△G^0具有加和性，即化合物的△G^0是组成该化合物各基团贡献之总和，化合物的分子量及分子连接性指数与△G^0有近似的线性关系。